Lab Meetings 2002 Meeting Contents

January 8

We'll be meeting tomorrow at 3pm, Keck Conf room. Yigal will present a summary of his work on the generalization project.

January 31

This week let's try to (re?)read some background on the cerebellum. I've found two things, both of which probably have more information that we NEED, but both look pretty useful.

1) Chapter 14 on cerebellum from Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, Butler and Hodos. This has lots of stuff about electric fish and the like, but I think the cross-species view can be quite informative. I'll put a couple copies on my door.

2) A long review by Ito on LTD in the cerebellum. Covers (lightly) most of the important issues in cerebellar learning. Sections II and III on the signal transduction pathways are probably much more in depth than we need (17 of 39 pages):

Physiological Reviews, Vol. 81, No. 3, July 2001, pp. 1143-1195
Cerebellar Long-Term Depression: Characterization, Signal
Transduction, and Functional Roles
Masao Ito
Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan

http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/81/3/1143.pdf

UPCOMING:

Next Week: Megan will review the Lisbergian view of VOR
Tues Feb 12: More models -- modular/hierarchical models of learning, papers to follow.

February 5

Next Tues, 3pm, Megan Carey will lead us through the Lisbergian view of the Cerebellar role in VOR adaptation.

Two papers:

"Motor learning in a recurrent network model based on the
vestibulo-ocular reflex", Lisberger and Sejnowski. Nature 360:159-161
(12 Nov 1992).

"Learning and memory in the vestibulo-ocular reflex", du Lac et al.
Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 18:409-41 (1995).

February 19

Next week we're going to explore the world of modular/hierarchical/mixture models. The idea behind this class of supervised learning (input-output) models is to divide the input domain into regions which have relatively simple input/output relationships. The hard part is to learn the parcellation of the domain and the models at the same time. We'll start with one of the early papers and then focus on models related to control.

1) Jacobs, Jordan, Hinton, and Nowlan, "Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts",
Neural Computation, 2, 79-87 (1991).
http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/JacobsEtAl1991.pdf

One of the original papers laying out the "mixture of experts", or modular network, idea.

(for extra reading, see also:

Jodan and Jacobs, "Heirarchical
Mixures of Experts and the EM algorithm", Neural Computation, 6,
181-214 (1994).
http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/JordanJacobs1994.pdf

This paper uses a better algorithm and generalizes modular networks to hierarchical networks -- i.e. the "experts" can themselves be mixtures of experts).

2) Meila and Jordan, "Markov Mixtures of Experts". in
R. Murray-Smith and T. A. Johanssen (eds.) 'Multiple Model
Approaches to Nonlinear Modeling and Control', Taylor and
Francis, 1996.

Marina added time ("markov") to the mixtures of experts to account for dynamical systems.

3) Haruno M, Wolpert DM, Kawato M. "Mosaic model for sensorimotor
learning and control". Neural Computation Oct;13(10):2201-20 (2001)
http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/HarunoEtAl2001.pdf

A more complicated version of modularity for motor control, with pairs of forward (predictive) and inverse (controller) models.

February 26

Sam,
There are three tutorials on EM in the directory:

http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/EM/

The Russell paper is nice 2 page review of the derivation of the EM algorithm.

The Bilmes review is longer and talks about the two relevant applications (mixtures and HMMs), but the HMM section in particular might be too dense for tomorrow.

The Collins review is long. You might care to look at it in the future.

April 9

Physiology faculty candidate Wyeth Bair, from the Center for Neural Science at New York University, will be visiting campus this week. His seminar will be on Tuesday at 2:00 pm, in HSW-300. The title of his seminar is "Using temporal dynamics to probe neural circuits in the visual system."

April 16

We'll be meeting next Tues, 3pm, Keck Conference Room, to discuss 4 chapters from:

The Neuropsychology of Spatially Oriented Behavior, Sanford Freedman, ed, 1968.

This great old book came out of a meeting on learning and adaptation in spatially oriented behavior that took place in the hey-day of the experiments on these phenomena. We'll be covering:

Chap 3. Active and passive movements in the calibration of position sense, Paillard and Brouchon. (Sam)

Chap 4. Plasticity in sensorimotor coordination, Held. (Sarah)

Chap 5. Perceptual compensation and learning, Freedman. Deals with inter-manual transfer of adaptation as a sign of "perceptual compensation". (Flip)

Chap 9. The functional integrity of spatial behavior, Freedman and

Rekosh. Sensory remapping with conflicting vision and audition. (Kathy)

April 23

The next lab meeting will be this Tuesday, 3pm.

The reading list is a little long given the late date of this mail.

If I hear complaints, we can hold off (3) until next week. All of the papers are on my door.

1) We'll start with the paper on infant sensorimotor development by White and Held:

"Plasticity of sensorimotor development in the human infant", White
and Held, 196?

This paper refers to an earlier paper which catalogs the baseline pattern of development, which is optional background reading:

"Observations on the Development of Visually-Directed Reaching",
White, Castle, and Held, 1964.

I think Sarah will present these.

2) Two papers by Lackner on how prism adaptation causes short-termadjustments in *auditory* localization. These were back-to-back papers, the first is very short:

"Visual rearrangement affects auditory localization", Lackner,
Neuropyschologia, 11:29-32 (1973)

"The role of posture in adaptation to visual rearrangement."
Lackner, Neuropyschologia, 11:33-44 (1973)

3) A cool, later, follow-up to the 1973 studies using *proprioceptive* perturbations:

"Proprioceptive influences on auditory and visual spatial localization."
Lackner and Shenker, J. Neurosci., 5:579-583 (1985).

May 7

Lab meeting will be tomorrow at 3pm, as usual. We will review the status of all of the projects underway, with an emphasis on Sam's new data and how to interpret it.

May 14

We'll have a look at a primer on motor control theory from Michael Jordan (my PhD advisor). You can find it at:

http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/Jordan1996.pdf

The article is quite long, and we may not finish it. I think we'll certainly get up to p.30. We'll have to see whether we have time to get to the section on learning.

May 21

Reminder: we will be meeting again this afternoon, at 3pm, to cover more of the Jordan tutorial.

June 4

We'll discuss the two Zipser and Andersen papers. Sam will present the first (1988, Nature) paper. If anyone is willing to present to the second (1991, Cerebral Cortex), please let me know.

June 11

There will be no lab meeting this week. We will resume next week with a paper by Salinas and Abbott on how parietal sensorimotor representation could be learned.

July 2

For Tuesday's lab meeting we will read a new paper about M1 by Gribble and Scott:

http://www.nature.com/nlink/v417/n6892/abs/nature00834_fs.html

July 9

Sabes Lab Meeting Schedule for the Next Few Weeks:

Tues July 9 (tomorrow):

Salinas and Abbott, Transfer of Coded Information from Sensory to
Motor Networks, J. Neurosci 15(10):6461-74 (1995).
Tues July 16:

No lab meeting Tues July 23:

Rotation Reports and possibly a paper

July 22

There will be a Sabes Lab Meeting at 3pm tomorrow (July 22). Sarah and Kathy will present summaries of their rotation projects.

July 31

We're meeting on Wednesday at 10 am in the conference room. I'll kick off the summer of weird species with an introduction to sensorimotor integration in the toad.

The first reading is a chapter from "behavioral neurobiology" by Carew. It isn't especially well written, but it's quick and covers a lot of territory.

The second reading is a lot more interesting; it's a comparison of the biomechanics of tongue protraction across species. I have a neat-o movie of one of these.

The paper:

Nishikawa KC. Neuromuscular control of prey capture in frogs.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999 May 29;354(1385):941-54

August 7

Graziano MS, Taylor CS, Moore T.
Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex.
Neuron. 2002 May 30;34(5):841-51.

Taylor DM, Tillery SI, Schwartz AB.
Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices.
Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1829-32.

Chou IH, Lisberger SG.
Spatial generalization of learning in smooth pursuit eye
movements: implications for the coordinate frame and sites of learning.
J Neurosci. 2002 Jun 1;22(11):4728-39.

Dingwell et al. Manipulating Objects with Internal Degrees of
Freedom: Evidence for Model-Based Control. J. Neurophys. 88:
222-235.

Baraduc and Wolpert. Adaptiation to a Visuomotor Shift Depends on the
Starting Posture. J. Neurophys. 88: 973-981.

Cisek and Kalaska. Modest Gaze-Related Discharge Modulation in Monkey
Dorsal Premotor Cortex During a Reaching Task Performed with Free
Fixation. J Neurophys. 88: 1064-1072.

Mehta and Schaal. Forward Models in Visuomotor Control.
J Neurophys. 88:942-953.

Paul Cisek and John F. Kalaska
Simultaneous Encoding of Multiple Potential Reach Directions in Dorsal
Premotor Cortex
J Neurophysiol 87: 1149-1154, 2002.

Eiji Hoshi and Jun Tanji
Contrasting Neuronal Activity in the Dorsal and Ventral Premotor Areas
During Preparation to Reach
J Neurophysiol 87: 1123-1128, 2002.

Christine Tong, Daniel M. Wolpert, and J. Randall Flanagan
Kinematics and Dynamics Are Not Represented Independently in Motor
Working Memory: Evidence from an Interference Study
J. Neurosci. 2002 22: 1108-1113.

Neuron, Vol 35, 227-242, July 2002
Neurotechnique
Ultra High-Resolution fMRI in Monkeys with Implanted RF Coils
Nikos K. Logothetis1, Hellmut Merkle2, Mark Augath1, Torsten Trinath1, and Kâmil Uurbil2

April 27

Let's continue our read-a-thon next Tues. If you get the chance, send me that info on the two papers you'd like to cover.

September 10

Next Sabes Lab Meeting:

We'll meet next Tuesday and cover,

Biren Mehta and Stefan Schaal
Forward Models in Visuomotor Control
J Neurophysiol 88: 942-953, 2002.

http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/SomePapers/MehtaSchaal2002.pdf

September 24

This week we will read another paper attempting to model motor learning. I will present, unless someone else wants to give it a try (let me know).

Biological Cybernetics
Volume 81 Issue 1 (1999) pp 39-60
Computational nature of human adaptive control during learning of reaching movements in force fields Nikhil Bhushan, Reza Shadmehr

http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00422/bibs/9081001/90810039.htm http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00422/bibs/9081001/90810039.htm

The Bhushan and Shadmehr paper can be found at:

http://keck.ucsf.edu/~sabes/LabMeeting/BhushanShadmehr1999.pdf

October 1

There will be an organizational meeting to discuss the design of the phys lab.

Sam will talk about the MATLAB scripts for the layout of the rig.

Dan will tell us about EMG equipment (human).

Flip will discuss robots.

October 8

First, Dan will review for us the literature on the decay of prism adaptation (i.e. unlearning).

Second, we will start in on Fetz's old papers on Motor Cortex. I've listed two below. We'll definitely cover the first, so make sure to read that one, at least. Also let me know if you're willing to present one of these:

1) CHENEY PD; FETZ EE
FUNCTIONAL CLASSES OF PRIMATE CORTICOMOTONEURONAL
CELLS AND THEIR RELATION TO ACTIVE FORCE
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1980, Vol 44, Iss 4, pp 773-791

2) FETZ EE; FINOCCHIO DV; BAKER MA; SOSO MJ
SENSORY AND MOTOR-RESPONSES OF PRECENTRAL CORTEX
CELLS DURING COMPARABLE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE JOINT
MOVEMENTS
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1980, Vol 43, Iss 4, pp 1070-1089